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SQL Operators

SQL Operators are used in SELECT statements to perform mathematical and logical operations on operands.

Before you begin

Unary Operators

expr

Sign

Operator Description Example Result
+ or - apply a sign to a numeric data type SELECT -1 -1

Bitwise

Operator Description Example Binary representation Binary Result
! Not inverts all the bits of the operand using Two’s complement SELECT !5; 0101 1010 –> (-8)+(0)+(2)+(0) = -6

Binary Operators

expr

Logical

Operator WHERE condition returns true when… Examples
= both operands are equal. select _id from products WHERE price = 52.50;
!= both operands are not equal. select stock from products WHERE price != 0.50;
<> both operands are not equal. select stock from products WHERE price <> 0.50;
AND both conditions match the operand. select * from products WHERE stock > 20 AND price < 10;
BETWEEN the operand is within the range of two integer values select * from products WHERE stock BETWEEN 0 AND 100;
LIKE the operand matches the specified pattern. select * from products WHERE prodlist LIKE '%play%';
OR either condition matches the operand select * from products WHERE prodlist LIKE '%pla%' OR stock < 20;

Comparison

Operator WHERE condition returns True when… Examples
< the operand on the left is less than the operand on the right. SELECT 1 WHERE 10 < 100;
> the operand on the left is greater than the operand on the right. SELECT 1 WHERE 10 > 1;
<= the operand on the left is less than or equal to the operand on the right. SELECT 1 WHERE 10 >= 10;
>= the operand on the left is greater than or equal to the operand on the right. SELECT 1 WHERE 10 <= 11;

Arithmetic

Operator Description Examples
+ Add two operands. SELECT 1+1;
- Subtract two operands. SELECT 1-1;
* Multiply two operands. SELECT 12*11;
/ Divide two operands. SELECT 120/12;
% Modulo divides two operands then returns the remainder or signed remainder. SELECT 5%3;

Bitwise

Operator Description Example Binary representation Binary Result
& And sets each bit to 1 where both bits are 1 SELECT 5 & 1 0101 & 0001 0001
| Or sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits = 1 SELECT 5 | 1 0101 | 0001 0101
<< The second operand determines the number of zeroes to insert to the right which then shifts left the value of the first operand. SELECT 5 << 1; 0101 << 1 1010
>> The second operand determines the number of zeroes to remove from the right which then shifts right the value of the first operand. SELECT 5 >> 1; 0101 >> 1 0010

String

Operator Description Example Result
|| Concatenate two strings into a single string. SELECT 'CON' || 'CAT'; CONCAT

Further information

FeatureBase also supports standard operators: